Michael Gaylard Photography

Historical Background

When Madrid became Spain’s capital in 1561, it still lacked a cathedral; the ecclesiastical seat remained in Toledo.
Plans for a cathedral dedicated to the Virgin of Almudena circulated for centuries, but construction only began in 1883.
The original design by Francisco de Cubas envisioned a Gothic Revival cathedral inspired by French Gothic models (Reims, Chartres, León).
Work halted during the Spanish Civil War, then resumed with a redesigned exterior to harmonise with the Royal Palace.
The cathedral was finally completed and consecrated in 1993.

Why It Matters

It is Madrid’s first and only cathedral, completed remarkably late compared to other European capitals.
Its architecture reflects Spain’s political and aesthetic shifts across more than a century.
Its position opposite the Royal Palace symbolises the unity of church and monarchy in Spanish history.
It remains a major site for Spainal ceremonies, tourism, and Marian devotion.

Historical Background

Construction of the Almudena Cathedral complex began in 1883, and the crypt was the first part completed, opening for worship in 1911. It was originally conceived as the parish church for the new cathedral project, later integrated into the full cathedral plan.

Burials and Tombs

The crypt contains around 1,000 tombs, including pantheons and floor burials. Many belong to noble or wealthy families who financed parts of the construction. Among the most notable burials is María de las Mercedes de Orléans, first wife of King Alfonso XII.

What it is

• A large underground church built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
• Designed as part of the original plan for the Almudena Cathedral.
• Still an active parish church, hosting Masses, weddings, and community events.

Why it’s special

• It contains over 400 columns, each with uniquely carved capitals featuring biblical scenes, plants, animals, and symbolic motifs.
• Houses royal tombs, including members of Spanish nobility and notable families.
• Preserves a 12th-century Romanesque statue of the Virgin of Almudena, one of Madrid’s oldest devotional images.
• The atmosphere is serene, with soft lighting and a sense of historical depth.

Architecture

• Built in Neo-Romanesque style, inspired by medieval churches.
• Features:
• semicircular arches
• stone vaults
• geometric and vegetal carvings
• a cruciform layout
• The crypt’s design contrasts with the Neo-Gothic style of the cathedral above.

Historical context

• Construction began in 1883 as part of the cathedral project.
• The crypt was completed earlier than the cathedral itself and opened for worship in 1911.
• It stands on the site of Madrid’s medieval city walls, and some remains are visible inside.